The Fraunhofer ISE has defined new technical procedures to test the performance of large-area perovskite-silicon tandem PV modules by using the spectral variability of the LED solar simulator. The proposed approach reportedly reduces device handling, time, and consequently financial effort…
https://www.pv-magazine.com/2025/08/22/new-approach-to-measure-perovskite-silicon-tandem-pv-module-performance-via-led-based-solar-simulators/